Using An Electric Motor Fan Engineering Essay

Using An Electric Motor rooter Engineering EssayThe resistance care for for taste 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 calculated and was 93.23 , 101.01 and 100.90 respectively. The effect of potential difference increase on temperature was recoded and how magnate is lost as heart was understood. How galvanising menstruum generate magnetized theater of operations was observed by using compasses and explained. An experiment was also carried out and explained in to how electro magnetised theatre of operations is habitd to control electric moves involving more than one traffic circle in a relay. The change of electrical energy to mechanical was also investigated by using an electric motor-fan.Back motiveDespite the famous experiment genus Benzoin Franklin, he did not invented electricity. Electricity exists naturally. It has always been around. A good example of electric commingle that occurs naturally is lightening. Lightening is a flow of electrons between the ground and clouds. When cl ouds rub against each other or other objects they become charged. When the potential going away between the clouds and ground reaches a certain level a flow of electrons balances the charge, this exhibits a flash of light or lightening1.Electrical systems and components sens be classified into several capabilities and used for many different applications. Electrical components and systems can be used to heat, power, sense, drive, detect, indicate, to transmit and receive data2.Electrical equipment such as light bulbs, batteries and electric generators are not needed for electric city to exist, although designed to use and harness electric city. If potential difference or voltage is maintained across a music director an electric flow occurs, augur1. The currents magnitude dep cans on the voltage. The Ohms truth states that the current through and through a conductor between the twain points is directly comparative to the potential difference across the 2 points. Therefore if the potential difference applied across a conductor is changed the current leave alone also change. If a device follows the Ohms integrity the chart voltage vs current should pee-pee a hearty line3.By rearranging the equation 1, voltage can be calculated in addition the resistance of significant can only calculated by dividing the voltage to the current see equation 1.VR=V/I underframe1. An electric potential across a conductor3Equation 13The deuce types of turns are serial and agree. Total resistance in series round can be determined by adding the individual resistors resistance. To find the resistance of ii or more resistors connected in parallel, the magnetic core of the inverse individual resistance is used2, Equation2.Equation 24In electrical circuit some power is lost as heat. Resistance and heat loss is directly proportional for a given volts. Therefore if the volt is increased the resistance will increase, this will then result in a great deal of heat being lost 3.When there is a need to control more than one circuit, a relay is used. Relay is a switch operated by electric. The mechanical movement of a relay is often controlled by magnetic force. The flow of current through the relay coil generates a magnetic field and changes the switch by attracting a lever. Relay aid one circuit to switch to another circuit and operate completely separate from the initial circuit5.Relay coilNOCOMNC symbol 2. Relay contact5KeyCOM= Common, always connect to this, it is the moving part of the switch.NC= normally Closed, COM is connected to this when the relay coil isoffNO= Normally Open, COM is connected to this when the relay coil isonIf an electrical current flows through a wire, a magnetic field is created due to the moving charges. Figure 3 demonstrates the magnetic fields in a straight conductor. The magnetic field for a straight conductor circles around the conductor. As illustrated from body-build 4, a wire is coil up to make a solenoid. The flow o f the current determines the magnetic field direction. severally loop experiences its own magnetic field and the total magnetic field is the sum of individual loop. In addition the magnitude of the total magnetic field of a solenoid is directly proportional to the number of coils a coiled wire has7. magnetised Field Around a Wire VRML ModelFigure 3. Magnetic fields in Straight conductor7Magnetic Field of a Solenoid VRML ModelFigure 4. Magnetic fields in solenoid7Electric motor is one of the very(prenominal) useful appliances use electric power to turn in to mechanical energy. To understand how an electric motor work simply imagine a complete wrapped with a wire and connected to a battery Figure 5. If the battery is connected to the wire, the nail would eventually become a magnet and have a south and North Pole.If the nail is suspended in the middle of a horseshoe magnet as in figure 5, the north end of the nail would be repelled away from the horseshoes north end and attract to t he south end of the horseshoe. By doing this the nail would half turn and stop at the original place. To maintain a full turn the electromagnetic field of the nail should be flipped at a very precise moment. This is done simply by changing the direction of the electrons flow6.http//static.ddmcdn.com/gif/motor-nail-in-horseshoe.gifFigure 5. Electro magnet in a horseshoe magnet6 investigateal examine 1.1 Electrical circuitAs illustrated in figure 6, a series circuit was set up and one resistor was used across the circuit. Multi-meters were used to record the voltage across the resistor and current. vanadium different voltages in the range of 2 to 12 volts were applied and the current was recorded for each for each volts. reasonR1VAFigure 6. series one resistor circuit2Experiment 1.2Similar procedure was used to record the voltage and current for the second experiment, this season though two resistors were used.VPowerR1R2AFigure 7. Series two resistor circuit2Experiment 1.3In the th ird experiment two resistors was set up in a parallel circuit. Similar method to experiment one and two was used to record the voltage and current.PowerAR1R2VFigure 8. Two resistors in parallel2Experiment 2 Temperature vs. voltageIn the fourth experiment investigates the relationship between voltage and temperature across a resistor. Similar circuit to experiment was, but this time one of the multi-meter was used set to record temperature. A thermocouple as shown in figure 9 was used to detect the temperature change and this was fed to the multi-meter8.http//images.picotech.com/se001-thermocouple.jpgFigure 9. Thermocouple8Experiment 3 RelayFigure 10 shows the mechanism of the relay. A switch was used to control the relay by switching between the two circuits.Figure 10. Diagram for connection of experiment with relay and LEDs2Experiment 4 Electric motor FanAn electric motor was used and given a power of 12 volt. Electric current was controlled by a switch and the fan rotated as due to the magnetic field generated by the electric.Experiment 5 MagnetismIn these experiment two methods was used to test electro magnetism of electric of the flow of current.A wire used to flow electricity and magnetic compass was placed around the wire.In the second method a coiled wire was used and compasses was placed in the inside and orthogonal of the coiled.ResultsTable 1. Experiment one and twoSingle resistor circuitTwo resistor in seriesTwo resistors in parallelVAmpsTemperature C0VAmpsVAmps20.01982420.009920.039640.03902540.019840.079360.09902660.029760.118980.07922880.039680.1587100.099030100.0495100.1981Note The value of current highlighted for single resistor at 6 volts is an anomaly.Figure 11. Current vs VoltageTable 2. Resistance calculationTotal resistance/Power in vSeries circuitParallel Circuit with 2 resistors1 resistors2 Resistors2101.01202.0250.504102.56202.0250.44660.60202.0250.468101.01202.0250.4010101.01202.0250.47Average93.23202.0250.45Below is resistance calcu lation narratedOne resister series circuit =Two resisters Series circuit =Two resistors Parallel CircuitUsing equation 2, R = (Assuming R1 = R2)50.45 = R1 R1 +R2 = 100.90 Experiment 2 Temperature vs. voltageThe graph shows a prescribed correlation between voltage and temperature increase.Figure 12. Voltage vs TemperatureExperiment 3 RelayWhen the switch was turned on LED one turned on and when the switch turned of LED one light gone out and LED two turned on.Experiment 4 Electric motor FanThe electric motor-fun started to spin only when the electric current started to flow. This was controlled by a switch for convenience.Experiment 5 MagnetismThe results of electro magnetism were observed in experiment 5. When a single wire was used the compass needles aligned themselves towards the direction of the current flow. In the coiled wire when the compass was placed inside the coiled wire the compass pointed towards the direction of the electric flow. When the compasses was placed outsid e the solenoid the compasses experiences a great deal of deflection in comparison with the single wired cable. newsExperiment 1.1 1.3 circuitFigure 11 demonstrates an increase in voltage resulted on an increase in current. For the circuits with two resistors in parallel and series the graph was showing a positive correlation between the voltage increase and current increase. For the series circuit with one resister there was an anomaly when the voltage was set to 6 volts. The increase in current at 6 volts was too high, and this resulted on the graph being nonlinear. To make assumptions that the circuit obeys Ohmic law the graph should be linear. Possible source of errorsHuman error (error when recording figures)Faulty multi-meter being usedFaulty resistors or Faulty power provide readingExperiment 2 Temperature vs voltageAs illustrated in figure 12, as the voltage increase the temperature across the resistor also increased. The temperature was directly proportional to the voltage increase. Temperature increase was steady for every additional volts applied for up to 6 volts. Temperature increase was doubled then doubled when 8 volts was applied. Some of the factors that can affect the amount of heat loss in a circuit areType of material used for wiring or resistor (some material are good conductors and some are very good insulator)Wire diameter (the smaller the diameter the harder for the electrons to move through)Length of wiringTemperature of the material/conductor (lower temperature result in lower resistance and indeed lower heat loss)3The sharp increase in temperature was due to possible errorsFaulty thermocouple loss a particular voltage slightly longer than the anotherBreathing near the thermocouple (increase in the overall temperature)Experiment 3 RelayFigure 10 demonstrates the relay experiment. Since the relay mechanism was very small to be observed by the naked eyes LED was used to indicate if the electrical flow was switching in between the two c ircuits every time the switch was hit. TQ team7 States that the total magnetic field in a loop is the sum of its individual loop. Since moving charged particles generate electromagnetic field many charged particles generate a higher magnetic field. Therefore higher resistance in the wire coiling of a relay could cause the relay not being able to attracting a lever. Higher resistance in relays could be caused by rusting or using materials with low conductivity.Experiment 4 Electric motor-fanThe power used in the Electric motor-fan was DC current. The current in DC always goes through one direction. The electric-fan began rotating when the current starts to flow. The current flow was switched over, as the polarity of the volt switched over, it was expected the motor start running the face-to-face direction instead the motor was stopped. The fan was possibly fitted with a device that only allows a one direction flow of current9. A diode was one of the possibilities that the electric m otor-fan was fitted by. A diode is a two terminal device, with features of some systematic transfer of electric city character. A diode have a zero resistance to electric flow in one direction and high resistance (100%) resistance in the other direction, therefore electrical current flow only in one direction.Experiment 5 MagnetismAs demonstrated from figure 3 and 4 electric current produces magnetic field. The compass used for the single wire deflected and seen aligning itself with the direction of the electric current. By observing the deflection of the compass needle, the North and South Pole of the magnetic field was deducted10.ConclusionThe goal of the experiment was to understand the role of electricity in modern technology. Resistance in series and parallel circuits were tried, electromagnetism and its applications explained. The experiments deduction narrated belowWith the exception of one anomaly result the circuits in experiment one obeys Ohmic law, therefore a linear gra phs.In series circuit the resistance value doubled when another resistor was added. As it can be observed from table 2 resistance values for the parallel with two resistors was almost half the value for the series circuit with one resistor. Parallel circuit resistance was very small when compared with the resistance value in the series circuit with the same number of resistors. The value for the resistors calculated as 93.23 , 101.01 and 100.90 respectively.In experiment two, power dissipation promotes temperature increase .Relay experiment demonstrates the control of more than one circuit by using magnetic field of electric current.Charged moving particles produce a magnetic fieldElectric motor-fan converts electrical power in to mechanical by the help on a magnet inside the motor.Compasses used to observe the direction of an electric current. The grater the loop the grater the deflection the compass experience. Figure 3 and 4 demonstrates the magnetic field in a single wire and so lenoid.