How Social Work Has Influenced The 21st Century Social Work Essay

How tender Work Has Influenced The 21st degree Celsius brotherly Work EssayThe affable head for the hills profession promotes social transplant, problem solving in t ceaseer-hearted relationships and the empowerment and liberation of raft to enhance well being (Inter matter Federation of Social Workers). Utilising theories of human behavior and social governances, social compute intervenes at the points where tidy sum interact with their environment. Principles of human rights and social justice atomic number 18 fundamental to social work.In doing their casual work, a social worker is expected to be knowledgeable and adept in a variety of roles. The role that is selected and used should ideally be the role that is most stiff with a particular client, in the particular circumstances.Social worker may be involved in a few or all of these roles depending on the nature of their job, and the approach to pattern that they use.The purpose of this essay is to identify the es tablishment, ripening and development of social work in Britain, from its origins in the nineteenth century to its position in the ordinal century.The Elizabethan misfortunate righteousness or Old miserable Law was an coiffe of Parliament passed in 1601, which created a national scummy rightfulness system for England and Wales. At the cartridge clip of passing it was referred to as the 1601 Act for the relievo of the Poor. It formalised precedent practices of worthless embossment distri plainlyion in England and Wales and is generally considered a refinement. Johnson (2007) explains that The Old Poor Law was not one rightfulness but a collection of honors passed between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries. The systems administrative unit was the parish. It was not a centralised administration policy but a law, which made individual parishes responsible for Poor Law legislation.The unable poor ( concourse who cant work) were to be helpd for in almshouse or a poo rhouse. The law offered relief to masses who were unable to work mainly those who were lame, impotent, old, blind The able poor were to be set to work in a endure of Industry. Materials were to be provided for the poor to be set to work. The idle poor and vagrants were to be sent to a House of Correction or even prison. Pauper tiddlerren would stick apprentices.The act was an Act of the Parliament of the get together Kingdom passed by the Whig disposal of Lord Melbourne that reformed the countrys poverty relief system. It was an Amendment Act that completely re lieud originally legislation based on the Poor Law of 1601. The Bill found a Poor Law Commission. This included the forming together of small parishes into Poor Law Unions and the building of workhouses in each union for the giving of poor relief. The Amendment Act did not ban all forms of outdoor relief, which was avow without press release into workhouses until the 1840s where the only method of relief for the p oor was to enter a Workhouse. fit in to Barwell (1994) the workhouses were to be made little more than prisons and families were normally separated upon entranceway a Workhouse. The Act called for parishes to be put into Poor Law Unions so that relief could be provided more easily. Each union was to establish a workhouse, which met the rationale of less eligibility.In 19th-century England there was a range of occupations and volunteer(prenominal) positions, which had been launch as part of the brand-new Poor Law (1834), The liberality Organisation hostel ( cosine), as well as by ghostlike and voluntary societies. Relieving officers had responsibilities in relation to outdoor relief, which was assistance, in the form of money, food, garments or goods, given to the poor without the requirement to enter an institution such(prenominal) as workhouses. This was an alternative to indoor relief, which required people to enter the workhouse (Rose, 1971). The COS supported the princi ples of the new Poor Law (1834), whos aim was to co set up the work of charitable giving for the deserving poor.The 1906 1914 Liberal Reforms were acts passed by the Whig government of Lord Melbourne that reformed the countrys poverty relief system. It was an Amendment Act that completely replaced earlier legislation based on the Poor Law of 1601.The Bill established a Poor Law Commission. This included the forming together of small parishes into Poor Law Unions and the building of workhouses in each union for the giving of poor relief. The Amendment Act did not ban all forms of outdoor relief, which was support without expiry into workhouses until the 1840s where the only method of relief for the poor was to enter a Workhouse. The Workhouses were to be made little more than prisons and families were normally separated upon entering a Workhouse. The Act called for parishes to be put into Poor Law Unions so that relief could be provided more easily. Each union was to establish a w orkhouse, which met the principle of less eligibility.The 1942 Beveridge Report was a government commissioned report into the ship canal that Britain should be rebuilt later World struggle Two Beveridge was an obvious survival of the fittest to take charge, Woodward (2009). He published his report in 1942 and recommended that the government should vex ways of fighting the five Giant Evils of Want, Disease, Ignorance, Squalor and Idleness. The Beveridge Report of 1942 proposed a system of subject argona Insurance, based on three assumptions family allowances, a National Health Service, and full employment.The 1944 pantryman Education Act changed the reading system for petty(a) schools in England and Wales. This Act was named after the Conservative politician R.A. Butler who introduced the Tripartite System of secondary education and made secondary education free for all pupils. The tripartite system consisted of three contrary types of secondary school, secondary technical s chools and secondary modern schools.The original structure of the NHS (1946) in England and Wales had three aspects, known as the tripartite system. Fourteen Regional infirmary Boards were created in England and Wales to administer the majority of hospital service. In primary bang GPs were independent contractors (that is they were not salaried employees) and would be paid for each soul on their list. Finally in biotic community services, maternity and child eudaemonia clinics, health visitors, midwives, health education, vaccination immunisation and ambulance services together with environmental health services were the responsibility of local authorities.During the Second World War the issue of shady settlers in Britain became an issue, as a root of the war, unappeasable workers and soldiers arrived from the colonies to fight in the British army to help with the war effort. At that time there were concern about the social consequences of the arrival of new black migrants, h owever immigrants from the colonies that the government encouraged were recruited by the British democracy specifically to resolve labour shortages. Richmond (1954).After the war, immigration in Britain was on the rise after families of the workers from the colonies came and settled. During the 1970s 80s research studies on scarper and council admit were conducted in a number cities like Nottingham, Liverpool and Birmingham, Simpson (1981) concluded that black applicants for council housing waited longer then white people. The study identified that the mean(a) black family were larger in size and required larger housing then white people, the council r bely offered 4 bed roomed housing because it was considered to be encouraging large families and the poverty that usually comes with large working syllabus families. This is institutionalised racism, McPherson (1999).The Race Relations Act 1968 was a British Act of Parliament making it il lawful to refuse housing, employment, o r public services to a person on the grounds of colour, race, ethnic or national origins. It also created the Community Relations Commission to promote harmonious community relations.The Housing Act 1980 was an Act of Parliament passed by the Parliament of the joined Kingdom that gave five million council house tenants in England and Wales the Right to acquire their house from their local authority.The first of four factors leading to The 1990 NHS and Community mete out Act is the government at the time, from 1979 to 1997 the Conservative party wanted to reposition British politics to the right from post war liberalism below Marg aret Thatcher. concord to Taylor (1972) The Conservatives believed in self help so they were in favour of the cozy carer where people would care for their own friends and family at home. Margaret Thatcher preached Laissez faire An economic theory from the eighteenth century that is strongly opposed to every government intervention in business affairs, it literally means leave things alone Margaret Thatcher wanted to end the idea of the government taking care of you, for people to visit after themselves and stop Britain being a granny state.Demography is the study of community looking at things like births, remainders, marriages and immigration. Britain is in a demographic time bomb, its people are getting older as a result of the improvement of sanitation over the last century, which is the highest ever. This means people are living longer there is a huge increase in life antepast. As the population grows, the proportion of people aged under 16 has dropped below those over state pension age. Life expectancy at birth in the UK has risen (www.statistics.gov.uk). Pre 1990 Margaret Thatcher had to address questions such as how many more elderly can we home? Who is going to look after them? Who is going to pay for it? The issue of the old tight-laced geriatric wards were far too expensive to manoeuvre and maintain. The demograp hic issue was well-nigh other factor that led to the 1990 NHS and Community Care Act.Before 1990 The NHS and Social serve were considered too wasteful and expensive. Thatcher wanted a mixed economy of public assistance where independent, private sectors and Social services look after and treat people she wanted them to compete for business. This is called Tendering for service This would save the taxpayer money. Sociological evidence appears to signify that demographic care would cost, politicians in the 80s thought community care was a cheaper answer.Before 1990 the issue that the old Victorian wards were too expensive to run and maintain proved too cost effective however concord to Townsend (1961) the government couldnt just dump people in these warehouses (p56) Townsend described this as the warehousing model of care where people were stored in these forms of warehouses, after seeing ex workhouses changed to residential homes, he was appalled at the bad conditions and go out buildings. A study of a mental hospital in the States described it as a total institution which is a place of residence or work where a large number of people in the same situation is cut off from society.There are many principles to the 1990 Community Care Act the result of the act was the change from service led delivery which was if the government did not have any money to help then people would not receive it, the care providers determined what the client needed and would provide care if it was available to inevitably led delivery where a statutory obligation by the NHS and Social services was to assess and consult service users. The care user would be at the centre of care delivery. Care plans were introduced to monitor progression or worsening conditions. Home based care using domiciliary support services is where people receive in their own home was introduced, promiscuous carers needs was to be recognised and included in assessments of need.Multi-agency working has bee n shown to be an effective way of sustenance children and young people with additional needs, and securing square improvements in their life outcomes. Wigfall Moss (2001) define it as a range of different services which have some overlapping or shared interests and objectives, brought together to work collaboratively towards some common purposes.Multi-agency working is easier where the aims of the dissimilar agencies coincide and where their targets are mutually consistent. It co-ordinates the work of those involved e.g. when conducting multi-agency assessments of children and young people and it should lead to separate outcomes for children and young people as holistic needs are addressed.In 2003, the government published a green paper called Every minor Matters alongside the formal response to the report into the death of Victoria Climbi. The human beings of legislation was designed to strengthen preventive services by commission on four key themesIncreasing the condense on supporting families and carers.Ensuring necessary intervention takes place before children reach crisis point and protect children from falling through the net.Addressing the underlying problems identified in the report into the death of Victoria Climbi weak accountability and poor integration.Ensuring that the people working with children are valued, rewarded and trained.There was a wide consultation with people working in childrens services, and with parents, children and young people and following this, the government published Every churl Matters the Next Steps, and passed the Children Act 2004, providing the legislative spine for developing more effective and accessible services focused around the needs of children, young people and families. Every Child Matters Change for Children was published in November 2004 and it placed legal responsibilities on workers to work together to protect young people and children. undefendable adults are also protected under similar legisl ation.According to semen (1973), three strands in the development of social work exist. The first of these is the focus on individual casework, which originated in the work of the Charity Organisation Society (COS) Woodroofe, (1962). The second is the role of social work in social administration, involving various forms of relief from poverty, which originated from the Poor Law however it was also promoted in some of the work of the COS. The third is the focus on social action, which has been identified with the growth of the Settlement Movement in Britain and the United States.This essay has addressed many issues and client groups within the social sector, how dealing with them started and how the role of social work has progressed in time.Taylor, A.J. (1972) Laissez faire and State Intervention in nineteenth century BritainBarwell, J. (1994) Victorian life. CambridgeInternational Federation of Social Workers http//www.ifsw.org/Johnson, P (2007) 20th century Britain, economic, he athenish and social change.MacPherson report (1999) on Stephen Lawrence, a black teenager who was stabbed.Social Trends 2009, National Statistics, http//www.statistics.gov.uk/socialtrends39/Richmond, A. (1954) Colour prejudice in Britain A study of western Indian workers in Liverpool.Rose, M.E. (1971) The English Poor Law 1780-1930. Newton Abbot.Seed, P. (1973) The involution of Social Work in Britain. London.Simpson A. (1981) Stacking the Decks A study of race, inequality and council housing in Nottingham.Townsend, P. (1961) Seen in The Last Refuge by Pierson, C and Francis, G. London, RoutledgeWigfall, V Moss, P. (2001), More than the sum of its parts? A study of a multi-agency child care network. London, National Childrens Bureau.Woodroofe, K. (1962) From charity to Social Work in England and the United States. London.Woodward, K. (2009) Social Sciences. London.